全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1644篇 |
免费 | 154篇 |
国内免费 | 133篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 29篇 |
2022年 | 31篇 |
2021年 | 66篇 |
2020年 | 89篇 |
2019年 | 88篇 |
2018年 | 90篇 |
2017年 | 65篇 |
2016年 | 89篇 |
2015年 | 74篇 |
2014年 | 116篇 |
2013年 | 164篇 |
2012年 | 68篇 |
2011年 | 100篇 |
2010年 | 47篇 |
2009年 | 74篇 |
2008年 | 70篇 |
2007年 | 69篇 |
2006年 | 78篇 |
2005年 | 48篇 |
2004年 | 58篇 |
2003年 | 50篇 |
2002年 | 41篇 |
2001年 | 25篇 |
2000年 | 22篇 |
1999年 | 29篇 |
1998年 | 34篇 |
1997年 | 21篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 16篇 |
1994年 | 21篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 20篇 |
1991年 | 13篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 14篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 8篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1931条查询结果,搜索用时 375 毫秒
1.
Infectivity and effects on host of a long-term stored aqueous suspension of Paranosema locustae on juveniles of Dichroplus maculipennis, a pest grasshopper in parts of the Pampas and Patagonia, were evaluated. Infections developed in 90–97.8% of treated individuals. Mortality increased with time, reaching highest values at 30–40 days post-inoculation (79.5–100%). Infected nymphs showed significantly slower development. 相似文献
2.
Physiological and enzymatic activity of pepper seeds (Capsicum annuum) during priming 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L. cv. Keystone Resistance Giant 3) seeds were monitored during priming to determine if seed treatments which accelerate the rate of germination could be correlated with specific physiological changes within the seeds. Pepper seeds primed with −0.90 and −1.35 MPa NaCl solutions at 23°C for 18 days did not completely equilibrate with the osmotic potential of the priming solution. Seed respiratory rates indicated that priming extends the lag phase of germination following imbibition. Soluble protein levels increased 115% in primed seeds, and the uptake and incorporation of [14 C(U)] labelled amino acids into the acid insoluble fraction increased throughout the priming treatments. Alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1, anaerobic metabolism), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.44, pentose phosphate pathway) activities remained stable throughout the priming treatment, but were higher after 6 days. than the water-imbibed controls. Aldolase (EC 4.2.1.1. glycolysis) and isocitrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.1, glyoxylate cycle) activities increased with imbibition and were 61 and 56% (respectively) higher in primed seeds as compared to the water-imbibed controls after 12 days. Treatment with the −0.90 MPa NaCl solution was more effective than the −1.35 MPa solution in improving the rate of germination, yet there were no significant differences between the protein concentrations or enzyme activities of the two priming treatments. However, the incorporation of labelled amino acids into pepper seeds was significantly higher in the −0.90 MPa priming treatment. 相似文献
3.
M. Dijak A. Sproule W. Keller R. Pandeya S. Gleddie 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1991,25(3):189-197
Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains harbouring plasmid vectors pBCAT1, pVU1011 or pMON806 were used to transform leaf explants of Nicotiana tabacum cultivars Delgold and Candel, N. debneyi, and N. rustica var. NRT. Transgenic plants resistant to the selective agents kanamycin, hygromycin or methotrexate were regenerated and used as sources of leaf mesophyll protoplasts. Protoplasts divided and regenerated plants in the presence of selective agents at levels inhibitory to protoplasts of non-transformed plants. Cross-resistance of protoplasts to more than one selective agent was not observed in this study which suggests that this approach may lead to an efficient interspecific somatic hybrid selection system. 相似文献
4.
Addition of 2-(3-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl)anilino-3,5-dinitrothiophene (ANT2p) to detergent-solubilised Photosystem II (PS II) particles results in the photo-oxidation of carotenoid and inhibition of the steady-state oxygen-evolution rate. It has been proposed that ANT2p may modify the water-splitting reactions by mediating the transfer of reducing equivalents from endogenous electron donors, such as carotenoid, to the S2 and S3 oxidation states of PS II. In this paper we present evidence indicating that ANT2p can interact with PS II at two separate loci. The water-splitting complex is shown to be the primary site of attack by ANT2p, since artificial electron donors, such as 1,5-diphenylcarbazide (DPC), can restore PS II photochemical activity by feeding reducing equivalents directly to the reaction centre. The ANT2p interaction at this site is light-intensity dependent. A second inhibitory site close to the reaction centre P-680 chlorophyll is detected at slightly higher ANT2p concentrations. The inhibition at this site is unaffected either by changes in the actinic light intensity or by the addition of electron donors. The flash-induced oxidation of carotenoid has an ANT2p concentration dependence and an insensitivity to DPC which suggests that it results from the inhibition of the reaction centre and not with that of the water-splitting complex. 相似文献
5.
I. S. Chohan 《Journal of biosciences》1986,10(2):243-249
Piretanide, 4-phenoxy-3-(pyrrolidinyl)-5-sulphamoyl benzoic acid, apart from being an efficient diuretic, enhances endogenous
plasma fibrinolytic activity after a single dose of 6 mg administered by oral route. After ingestion of the drug, acceleration
of fibrinolytic acitivity became manifest within 1 h, reached its peak in 3 h and was associated with a fall in fibrinogen
and diminished urokinase excretion. Piretanide did not cause lysis of fibrinin vitro. Primary platelet aggregation, induced by adenosine-diphosphate, was inhibited by piretanide. Inin vitro experiments piretanide led to effective inhibition of adenosine-diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation with complete inhibition
at 5 mM concentration. Piretanide led to a highly significant decrease of platelet factor-4 release. 相似文献
6.
F. Azam 《Plant and Soil》1990,125(2):255-262
A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of organic and inorganic nitrogen (N) sources on the yield and N uptake
of rice from applied and native soil-N. The residual effect of these N sources on a succeeding wheat crop was also studied.
Organic N was applied in the form of 15N-labelled Sesbania aculeata L., a legume, and inorganic N in the form of 15N-labelled ammonium sulphate. The two sources were applied to the soil separately or together at the time of transplanting
rice.
Recovery of N by rice from both the applied sources was quite low but both sources caused significant increases in biomass
and N yield of rice. Maximum increase was recorded in soil treated with organic N. The residual value of the two materials
as source of N for wheat was not significant; the wheat took up only a small fraction of the N initially applied. Loss of
N occurred from both applied N sources, the losses being more from inorganic N.
Both applied N sources caused a substantial increase in the availability of soil-N to rice and wheat; most of this increase
was due to organic N and was attributed to the so-called ‘priming’ effect or ANI (added nitrogen interaction) of the applied
material. 相似文献
7.
Incubation of human bloodstream neutrophils with 50 u/ml recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rGM-CSF) primed the respiratory burst (as assessed by fMet-Leu-Phe stimulated luminol-dependent chemiluminescence) and resulted in a rapid (within 15 min) upregulation of expression of CD11b and CD18 (as measured by FACS analysis). This rapid priming and modulation of receptor expression was not inhibited by cycloheximide and hence appeared to be independent ofde novo protein biosynthesis. When neutrophils were incubated for up to 5 h in culture, the fluorescence distributions of CD11b and CD18 declined indicating the loss of expression of these receptors as the neutrophils aged, but in rGM-CSF treated suspensions receptor expression was maintained. When neutrophils were incubated in the presence of cycloheximide, they progressively lost their ability to generate reactive oxidants in response to fMet-Leu-Phe so that by 5 h incubation with this inhibitor they could only generate about 25% of the oxidative response stimulated in untreated cells, and the expression of CD16 and CD18 was grossly impaired. Similar effects were observed in rGM-CSF treated suspensions except that cycloheximide required longer incubation times (typically 4–5 h) before impairment of function or receptor expression occurred. These data show thatde novo protein biosynthesis is required for both the maintenance of neutrophil function and also for the continued expression of some plasma membrane receptors.Abbreviations fMet-Leu-Phe
N-formylmethionyl-Leucyl-Phenylalanine
- rGM-CSF
recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- FITC
fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate
- Luminol
5-amino-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione 相似文献
8.
LEONOR E. ROVAI AGUSTIN AOKI NELIA M. GEREZ DE BURGOS ANTONCO BLANCO 《The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology》1990,37(4):280-286
Bloodstream Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes isolated from infected mice undergo reduction of motility and structural damages after 5 to 45 min exposure to gossypol at concentrations ranging from 5 to 50 μM. When 1% serum albumin is added to the incubation medium, no alterations of parasites are observed, even with 100 μM gossypol. Intracellular T. cruzi amastigotes in infected Vero cell cultures exposed to 5 μM gossypol for 2 h do not show changes. Incubation with 5 μM gossypol for 48 h produces complete disruption of host cells; however, the amastigotes they contain show only mineor alterations. The observations indicate that, in protein-rich media, gossypol is complexed into associations which have no activity on the different forms of the T. cruzi biological cycle. 相似文献
9.
The formation of native disulfide bonds during in vitro protein folding can be limiting in obtaining biologically active proteins. Thus, optimization of redox conditions can be critical in maximizing the yield of renatured, recombinant proteins. We have employed a folding model, that of the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG- beta), to investigate in vitro oxidation conditions that facilitate the folding of this protein, and have compared the in vitro rates obtained with the rate of folding that has been observed in intact cells. Two steps in the folding pathway of hCG-beta were investigated: the rate-limiting events in the folding of this protein, and the assembly of hCG-beta with, hCG-alpha. The rates of these folding events were determined with and without protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) using two different types of redox reagents: cysteamine and its oxidized equivalent, cystamine, and reduced and oxidized glutathione. Rates of the rate-limiting folding events were twofold faster in cysteamine/cystamine redox buffers than in glutathione buffers in the absence of PDI. Optimal conditions for hCG-beta folding were attained in a 2 mM glutathione buffer, pH 7.4, that contained 1 mg/mL PDI and in 10muM cysteamine/cystamine, pH 8.7, without PDI. Under these conditions, the half-time of the ratelimiting folding event was 16 to 20 min and approached the rate observed in intact cells (4 to 5 min). Moreover, folding of the beta subunit under these conditions yields a functional protein, based on its ability to assemble with the alpha subunit. The rates of assembly of hCG-beta with hCG-alpha in the cysteamine/cystamine or glutathione/PDI redox buffers were comparable (t(1/2/sb> = 9 to 12 min)). These studies show that rates of folding and assembly events that involve disulfide bond formation can be optimized by a simple buffer system composed of cysteamine and cystamine. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
10.
Seema Mathur 《Biological trace element research》1994,41(3):201-215
An ayurvedic medicine, Liv-52, was studied as a prophylactic agent against beryllium-induced toxicity in rats. Administration
of berylliumper se caused severe degenerative and necrotic changes in kidneys, liver, and uterus. Beryllium exposure also reduced glycogen content,
activities of alkaline phosphatase, succinate-dehydrogenase, and adenosine-triphosphatase in these organs. On the contrary,
activities of acid phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase showed marginal increase. Liv-52-primed rats exhibited comparatively
less marked toxic effects. 相似文献